An R&D project must have as objective new concepts or ideas that improve on existing knowledge. This excludes from R&D any routine change to products or processes and, therefore, human input is inherent to creativity in R&D. As a result, an R&D project requires the contribution of a researcher. One area requiring care in assessment is the arts: there is creativity, but the other criteria have to be confirmed for the activity to qualify as R&D. While routine activity is excluded from R&D, new methods developed to perform common tasks are included. As an example, data processing is not an R&D activity unless it is part of a project to develop new methods for data processing. Vocational training is excluded from R&D, but new methods to deliver training could be R&D. A new method to fix a problem,
developed as part of a project, could be R&D if the outcome is original and the other criteria are met.
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