Trouble-shooting occasionally shows the need for further R&D, but more frequently it involves the detection of faults in equipment or processes and results in minor modifications of standard equipment and processes. It should not, therefore, be included in R&D.
After a new product or process has been turned over to production units, there will still be technical problems to be solved, some of which may demand further R&D. Such “feedback” R&D should be included.
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